Expatriates Forums in Latvia

French High Tech Firm looking for Country Managers

responsable pays — Wed Sep 30, 2009 10:04 am

Author: responsable pays

Posted: Wed Sep 30, 2009 10:04 am

Due to our rapid expansion in France, Switzerland, Czech Republic, and Morocco with our innovative product, we are looking for local country managers to develop their market.

We offer a once in a lifetime opportunity with a new technology that our clients are raving about.

If you are highly motivated, do not get discouraged easily, understand the value of customer appreciation and ready to explore new heights in your career. Contact us today!

Send us a resume at responsablepays hotmail com

join our unique investment club

dutchjobs — Sun Nov 30, 2008 7:37 pm

Author: dutchjobs

Posted: Sun Nov 30, 2008 7:37 pm

Dear reader,

In these times of economic and financial crisis, there are alway great opportunities for making a very good return on investment capital.

Were are looking for serious members to expand our investment community within Eastern Europe and the rest of the world.

Want to know more?

Just send us an email if you would like to have more information or give us a call if you wish to make an appointment.
0032 497 545587

Kind regards,
Bodhi
independent Bridge member

Quality English Publisher seeks reps

salmaccarrer — Mon Nov 12, 2007 11:10 am

Author: salmaccarrer

Posted: Mon Nov 12, 2007 11:10 am

Looking for a flexible job?
Sell USBORNE children’s books!
Sell to Schools,Pre-schools, or any other organisation with an interest in English books!
Finally a job that can move with you!(throughout Europe, UK and BFPO’s)
Ideal for mums with kids, or anyone with a love of books and children.
Let the job fit into your schedule!

DOING BUSINESS IN LATVIA / LATVIA BUSINESS GUIDE

Latvia Info — Mon May 14, 2007 6:26 am

Author: Latvia Info

Posted: Mon May 14, 2007 6:26 am

DOING BUSINESS IN LATVIA

STARTING A BUSINESS

STANDARDIZED COMPANY
Legal Form: Société à Responsabilité Limitée (SARL) - Limited Liability Company
Minimum Capital Requirement: 2,000
City: Riga

Registration Requirements:

Procedure 1. Complete signatories' cards and companies deeds, certify cards by a notary

Time to complete: 1 day

Cost to complete: LVL 10

Comment: According to the amendments to the Commercial Code effective on 21 May 2004, the Charter and the Foundation agreement (Foundation Decision) of the Company do not need to be notarised; only the Application to the Commercial Register must be notarised by notary public.

Notary fees for the notarization of founders' signatures on the company's registration application are approximately LVL 10.

Procedure 2. Open a bank account and get a receipt of reference from the bank

Time to complete: 1 day

Cost to complete: no charge

Procedure 3. Register at the Ministry of Justice, Register of Enterprises

Time to complete: 3 days

Cost to complete: LVL 124

Comment: : On 21 May 2004, amendments to the Commercial Code entered into effect. The amendments introduced the following main changes:

1) the application processing period at the Companies Register is 3 days (excluding public holidays and weekends);

2) the name of a company may not contain the words "the Republic of Latvia", however, the word "Latvia" can be included in the name of the company;

3) general partnership may be a founder of a company;

4) the requirement for notarization of founders' signatures on the incorporation agreement and the articles of association of the company is abolished;

5) the list of commercial activities is no more required in the articles of association, it may be included at the option of the shareholders;

6) 100% of the company share capital must be subscribed and at least 50% of share capital must be paid up before the submission of the registration application to the Companies Register;

7) the Latvian residency requirement for at least a half of board members is abolished;

company auditor's written acceptance to his appointment by the shareholders must be filed with the Companies Registry.

The cost for publication in the official gazette "Latvijas Vestnesis" on the registration of limited liability company is 24 lats.

Documents to be filed: registration application on special form provided by the Register; charter of the company; foundation agreement; minutes of the meeting; proof of investment; document verifying official address of the company; list of signatories authorised to sign on behalf of the company (the signatories has to be notarised); special licence; information regarding the founders; power of attorney.

The entries in the registry and the information for publication in the official newspaper "Latvijas Vestnesis" are submitted by the Registry notary within 3 days of making the entry. The fee for publication is to be paid before submission of company incorporation papers to the Commercial Registry.

Procedure 4. Register with State Revenue Service (tax authority) for VAT

Time to complete: 10 days

Cost to complete: no charge

Comment: The amendments to the VAT Act provides for special provisions with regard to the registration for VAT purposes if a person pursues the commercial activity within the territory of EU. The Act provides that a person not subjected to the payment of VAT but carrying out the commercial activity shall register as the VAT payer with the State Revenue Service within 30 days from the day when the value of the purchases made within the territory of EU amounts to or exceeds LVL 7000.

Procedure 5. Register employees for mandatory state social insurance contribution with the State Revenue Service

Time to complete: 1 day

Cost to complete: no charge

Comment: Regulations Nr. 397 On Registration of Persons Performing Mandatory State Social Insurance Contributions and Reports on Mandatory State Social Insurance Contributions and Personal Income Tax of the Cabinet of Ministers of Republic of Latvia, dated 14 November 2000, state that employers, self-employed persons, domestic employees working at foreign employers and foreign employees working at foreign employers shall register with the territorial agency of the State Revenue Service. Employer registers each employee with the territorial agency of State Revenue Service according to the place of registration of the employer by the fifth date of the month following that month, in which the person has acquired the employee's status, by submitting to the territorial agency of the State Revenue Service information about the employee on the basis of the Registration Card of Mandatory State Social Insurance Contributions. As advised by the representative of State Revenue Service, the State Revenue Service Revenue usually carries out this registration on the same day.

FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANISATION

1. Limited liability companies
2. Joint stock companies

Foreign investors prefer the limited liability company because it requires fewer organisational formalities, although joint stock companies, branches and representative offices are also possible. Branches and representative offices are treated as independent legal entities and are subject to requirements similar to those of companies. A foreigner may be the sole owner of a Latvian company.

Riga, the capital, is the financial centre.

TAXATION

Corporate tax
Main rate: Flat rate of 15%

Resident companies are taxed on their worldwide income; non-resident companies are taxed only on Latvian-source income. A company is resident if it is established and registered under Latvian law. Corporate tax is imposed at a flat rate of 15%. Dividends paid by a Latvian resident company to non-resident legal entities or individuals are subject to a 10% withholding tax unless reduced under the EC Parent-Subsidiary Directive or the terms of an applicable tax treaty.

Individual tax
Flat rate of 25%

Resident individuals are taxed on their worldwide income; non-residents are taxed only on Latvian-source income. An individual whose permanent place of residence is in Latvia, or who is in Latvia for 183 days or more in any 12-month period ending or beginning in the tax year, is considered to be resident in that tax year. Tax is charged at a flat rate of 25%. Dividends received are exempt, except where the distributing company is non-resident or is a resident company entitled to tax benefits in the special economic zones or free ports.

Capital gains
Generally taxed as income

Capital gains of companies are generally taxed as income. Capital losses realised by companies on taxable securities may only be offset against gains on such securities, but other capital losses may be offset against general income. Gains on the sale of publicly traded securities are exempt. Capital gains derived by individuals on personal property, including shares and immovable property, are exempt unless the property was acquired for the purpose of resale or the property was held for less than 12 months.

Indirect tax
Standard rate: 18% ; Lower rates: 5%, 0%

Value-added tax (VAT) applies to most transactions. The standard rate is 18%, and a lower 5% rate applies to certain services, such as hotel services, veterinary services, and water and waste collection. The export of goods and related services, and supplies and maintenance relating to vessels used by international shipping lines are zero-rated. Exemptions include cultural services, insurance, rent paid for dwellings, some financial services and copyright royalties.

Registration is compulsory for businesses with annual turnover above LVL 10,000 or for individuals or legal persons doing business or acquiring goods within the EU exceeding LVL 7,000 in a calendar year.

Tax administration and compliance
Tax year: Corporations: accounting year; Individuals: calendar year

Companies must make monthly advance payments by the 15th day of the month. A tax return is due within four months after the year-end, with any balance of tax due paid within 15 days after the tax return is submitted. The employment income of individuals is taxed by withholding. Individuals deriving business income must make four quarterly advance payments. The tax return is due by April 1st following the year-end, and any final tax is payable within 15 days after submitting the return.

Additional tax information

Withholding taxes: Dividends and Interest 10%, Royalties 5% or 15%, Management fees 10%, Income from a participation in a partnership 15%, Rental income from real estate situated in Latvia 5%, Income from the sale of real estate in Latvia 2%. Rates may be reduced under an applicable tax treaty or EC directives.

Tax treaties: Latvia has concluded 39 tax treaties.

Dividends: Domestic dividends and dividends paid by an EU company are exempt; foreign dividends paid by third-country resident companies are taxable (but with a participation exemption).

Revenue protection: There is transfer-pricing and thin-capitalisation legislation and rules against offshore companies.

Groups: Tax losses may be transferred between group companies within Latvia.

Incentives: Special economic zones; free ports; special regions; special depreciation rules for new technology equipment; investment in agriculture.

Other taxes: Customs duties, Excise taxes, Gambling and lottery tax, Natural resources tax, Real estate tax.

Financial Advisors services, Offshore Fund - Know More

admin — Mon Feb 05, 2007 4:42 am

Author: admin

Posted: Mon Feb 05, 2007 4:42 am

Financial Advisors services, Offshore Fund - Know More

Dear members & guests

Due to the continuous marketing approach of our expatriate community by multiple financial planners services company, Allo' Expat has decided to provided you with some usefull imformation on the Expat Offshore Banking issue. Hope you'll invest wisely..... in the future

Financial Advisors - who are they?

Q1 - How do I get the best offshore financial advice?

The best offshore financial advice is probably given by Independent Financial Advisors. Independent financial advisors (or IFA's, as they are sometimes called) advise their clients on savings, investments and pensions. They may also provide Savings Plans for offshore investing to their clients.

When counselling a client, the best offshore financial advisors should complete the following steps:

* Step 1 - collect detailed information about a client's financial circumstances and requirements ? be they for retirement planning, retirement income, expat investment, or another purpose.

* Step 2 - check all the offshore tax havens for the best offshore plans.

* Step 3 - provide impartial advice as to which plan(s) best meet their client's needs (in the form of a written report).

* Step 4 - arrange for a client to buy the chosen offshore plan(s) on the best terms available.

You may want to complete your own research to ensure you know the right questions to ask your advisor.

When all these stages are completed, you can be confident you have received the best offshore financial advice.

Q2 - What is a Certified Financial Advisor?

Financial advisors may need a license to practice, issued by the Financial Services Regulator in their Country. Only these advisors may be called 'Certified Financial Advisors'.

It may be a condition that prospective certified financial advisors show their Regulator that they are:

* competent to advise

* impartial in their advice

* independent of Providers

* covered by professional indemnity insurance.

So it is important to check that your financial advisor is listed under:

* Certified Financial Advisors, licensed to advise in the Country where you live and

* Independent Financial Advisors - advising on a wide range of offshore plans from a full list of providers.

Now you should feel confident you are receiving the best offshore financial advice.

Q3 - How are offshore financial advisors paid?

Independent financial advisors (IFA's) earn their living from commissions they receive from plan providers. This is their income for the offshore financial advice they give.

The commission that advisors (IFAs) receive from offshore financial advice cases may range from hundreds to thousands of dollars.

Good offshore financial advisors should not be influenced by the amount of commission they receive.

Some clients prefer to pay fees to their financial advisors for advice to ensure impartiality. When this occurs offshore financial advisors refund commission received from a plan provider either in cash or as an increased allocation of contributions invested.

Q4 -How do I find a list of Independent Financial Advisors (IFAs)?

Search the web! Try searching using the search words independent financial advisors or certified financial advisors PLUS the name of the Country in which you live.

Personal recommendations are always helpful - ask your friends if they would recommend their offshore financial advisors. Always check that a recommended advisor is both certified and independent.

Offshore Investing - What do that mean

Q1 - What is Offshore Investing or Offshore Investment?

When we talk about Offshore investing plan opportunities it is like the savings plans available in many countries, except these plans:

* Are registered in tax havens and are regulated by their Financial Services Authorities.

* Can be used for investing by non-residents of the tax havens.

* Are sometimes more tax efficient than or have other advantages over domestic savings plans.

Q2 - Why would expatriates choose offshore investing?

Expatriate investment in the savings plans catalogued here and offering offshore investing opprotunities might be appropriate when:

* No local or Home Country tax free regular savings plans are available.

* No local or Home Country tax free lump sum investment plans are available.

* An expatriate is planning to retire to a third country.

If you fit any of these categories of expatriates you should investigate the offshore plans researched by Offshore Boffin and consult your Financial Advisor.

Q3 - Are there other people who might benefit from Offshore Invesment?

Yes. People who are not living abroad might find offshore investment attractive in the following circumstances:

* They have more cash available for savings than can be invested tax free in their resident countries' investment plans (perhaps because the amount they can invest each year is capped).

* They may live in countries which do not have domestic tax free savings plans.

* They live in countries which are not suitable long-term investment environments for political or economic reasons.

* They wish to limit the effects of inheritance tac on their estates.

Q4 - Is there safe offshore investing?

The answer is that All investors should remember that the value of ALL their investments can go down as well as up!

Safe offshore investing is more likely by choosing plans:

* From politically stable tax havens - the quality of tax havens varies.

* From well-regulated tax havens - the tax havens whose savings plans are catalogued here all regulate their financial services companies to avoid 'fly-by-night' companies.

* From reputable investment management and life assurance companies - whilst past performance is not always a guide to the future, the companies whose savings plans are listed here are all well-known names.

* Investing in 'mutual' or 'collective' funds. these funds are based on a simple idea. If a large number of investors pool their savings in - for example - an equity fund, the larger fund can be invested in shares in many companies, spreading each individual's risk.

For expat investment - and others - to be successful the best offshore investment opportunities must be found. For that you'll need a good Financial Advisors.

FX Currency Trading / FX Forex Trading Online - Know More

admin — Mon Feb 05, 2007 4:40 am

Author: admin

Posted: Mon Feb 05, 2007 4:40 am

Forex Trading / FX Trading

Foreign Exchange
This short introduction explains the basics of trading Forex online, a brief explanation of the markets and the major benefits of trading Forex online. There are also two scenarios describing the implications of trading in a bear as well as bull market to better acquaint you with some of the risks and opportunities in the largest and most liquid market in the world.

As an additional aid for those who are new to Forex, there is also a glossary at the bottom of this text which explains some of the terms used in connection with currency trading.

Overview
Foreign exchange , forex or just Forex are all terms used to describe the trading of the world's many currencies. The forex market is the largest market in the world, with trades amounting to more than $1.5 trillion every day. This is more than one hundred times the daily trading on the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) . Most forex trading is speculative , with only a few percent of market activity representing governments' and companies' fundamental currency conversion needs.

Unlike trading on the stock market, the forex market is not carried out by a central exchange, but on the "interbank" market , which is thought of as an OTC (over the counter ) market. Trading takes place directly between the two counterparts necessary to make a trade, whether over the telephone or on electronic networks all over the world. The main centres for trading are Sydney, Tokyo, London, Frankfurt and New York. This worldwide distribution of trading centres means that the forex market is a 24-hour market.

Trading Forex
A currency trade is the simultaneous buying of one currency and selling of another one. The currency combination used in the trade is called a cross (for example, the Euro/US Dollar, or the GB Pound/Japanese Yen.). The most commonly traded currencies are the so-called "majors" - EURUSD, USDJPY, USDCHF and GBPUSD.

The most important forex market is the spot market as it has the largest volume. The market is called the spot market because trades are settled "immediately" or on the spot. In practice this means within two banking days.

Trading on Margin
Trading on margin means that you can buy and sell assets that represent more value than the capital in your account. Forex trading is usually done with relatively little margin since currency exchange rate fluctuations tend to be less than one or two percent on any given day. To take an example, a margin of 2.0% means you can trade up to $500,000 even though you only have $10,000 in your account. In terms of leverage this corresponds to 50:1, because 50 times $10,000 is $500,000, or put another way, $10,000 is 2.0% of $500.000. Using this much leverage gives you the possibility to make profits very quickly, but there is also a greater risk of incurring large losses and even being completely wiped out. Therefore, it is inadvisable to maximise your leveraging as the risks can be very high. For more information on the trading conditions at Saxo Bank, go to the Account Summary on your Client Station and open the section entitled "Trading Conditions" found in the top right-hand corner of the Account Summary.

Why trade Forex?

24 hour trading
One of the major advantages of trading forex is the opportunity to trade 24 hours a day from Sunday evening (20:00 GMT) to Friday evening (22:00 GMT). This gives you a unique opportunity to react instantly to breaking news that is affecting the markets.
Superior liquidity
The forex market is so liquid that there are always buyers and sellers to trade with. The liquidity of this market, especially that of the major currencies, helps ensure price stability and low spreads . The liquidity comes mainly from large and smaller banks that provide liquidity to investors, companies, institutions and other currency market players.
No commissions
The fact that forex is often traded without commissions makes it very attractive as an investment opportunity for investors who want to deal on a frequent basis. Trading the "majors" is also cheaper than trading other crosss because of the high level of liquidity. For more information on the trading conditions at Saxo Bank, go to the Account Summary on your Client Station and open the section entitled "Trading Conditions" found in the top right-hand corner of the Account Summary.
50:1 Leverage
With a minimum account of USD 10,000, for example, you can trade up to USD 500,000. The USD 10,000 is posted on margin as a guarantee for the future performance of your position.
Profit potential in falling markets
Since the market is constantly moving, there are always trading opportunities, whether a currency is strengthening or weakening in relation to another currency. When you trade currencies, they literally work against each other. If the EURUSD declines, for example, it is because the U.S. dollar gets stronger against the Euro and vice versa. So, if you think the EURUSD will decline (that is, that the Euro will weaken versus the dollar), you would sell EUR now and then later you buy Euro back at a lower price and take your profits. The opposite trading scenario would occur if the EURUSD appreciates .

Important Forex Trading Terms

Spread
The spread is the difference between the price that you can sell currency at ( Bid ) and the price you can buy currency at ( Ask ). The spread on majors is usually 5 pips under normal market conditions. For more information on the trading conditions at Saxo Bank, go to the Account Summary on your Client Station and open the section entitled "Trading Conditions" found in the top right-hand corner of the Account Summary.
Pips
A pip is the smallest unit by which a cross price quote changes. When trading forex you will often hear that there is a 5-pip spread when you trade the majors. This spread is revealed when you compare the bid and the ask price, for example EURUSD is quoted at a bid price of 0.9875 and an ask price of 0.9880. The difference is USD 0.0005, which is equal to 5 "pips". On a contract or position, the value of a pip can easily be calculated. You know that the EURUSD is quoted with four decimals, so all you have to do is the cancel-out the four zeros on the amount you trade and you will have one pip. Thus, on a EURUSD 100,000 contract, one pip is USD 10. On a USDJPY 100,000 contract, one pip is equal to 1000 yen, because USDJPY is quoted with only two decimals.

Trading Scenario - Trading Rising Prices
If you believe that the Euro will strengthen against the dollar you'll want to buy Euro now and sell it back later at a higher price.

You buy Euro	We quote EURUSD at Bid 0.9875 and Ask 0.9880, which means that you can sell 1 Euro for 0.9875 USD or buy 1 Euro for 0.9880 USD. In this example you buy Euro 100,000, at the quote price of 0.9880 (ask price) per Euro.
The market turns	Later the market turns in favour of the Euro and the EURUSD is now quoted at Bid 0.9894 and Ask 0.9899.
Now you want to sell your Euro and get the profit	You sell Euro at a Bid price of 0.9894.
The profit is calculated as follows:	Sell price-buy price x size of trade (0.9894 minus 0.9880) multiplied by 100.000 = $140 Profit (Note that the profit or loss is always expressed in the secondary currency )

Trading Scenario - Trading Falling Prices
If, on the other hand, you believe that the Euro will weaken against the dollar, you'll want to sell EURUSD.

You sell Euro	We quote EURUSD at a Bid price of 0.9875 and Ask price of 0.9880 and you decide to sellEuro 100,000 at a Bid price of 0.9875.
The market moves in your favour	The Euro weakens against the dollar and the EURUSD is now quoted at bid 0.9744 and ask 0.9749.
Now you buy back your Euro	You buy EUR at an ask price of 0.9749.
Your Profit/loss is then	Sell price-buy price x size of trade (0.9875 minus 0.9749) multiplied by 100.000 = $ 1260 Profit

Remember that trading EUR 100,000 as we have done in our examples, does not mean that you have to put up Euro 100,000 yourself. It means that you have to deposit 2.0% of Euro 100,000, which is Euro 2,000 on margin as a guarantee for the future performance of your position.

Further Reading
To see how you can trade the forex market and benefit from our toolbox of information and live quotes, please proceed to our Forex Quick Start found under the Trading menu on the toolbar, under Forex.

Glossary

Appreciation	Anincrease in the value of a currency.
Ask	Theprice at which you can buy. Traders also speak of an ask price,the price requested. This usually indicates the lowest price aseller will accept.
Basecurrency	Thecurrency that the investor buys or sells (i.e. EUR in EURUSD).
Bear	Someonewho believes prices are heading down. A bear market is one inwhich there is a sustained fall in prices and which does not looklike it will recover quickly.
Bid	Theprice at which you can sell. Traders also speak of a bid price,the price offered. This usually indicates the top price apurchaser will pay.
Bid/Ask	TheBid rate is the rate at which you sell. The Ask (or offer) rate isthe rate at which you can buy.
Bull	Someonewho is optimistic about the market. A bull market is characterisedby enthusiastic and sustained buying.
cross	Whentrading currencies, the investor buys one currency againstanother. These two currencies form the cross: for example, EURUSD.
Crossrate	Anexchange rate that is calculated from two other exchange rates.
Depreciation/decline	Afall in the value of a currency.
Exchangerate	Whatone currency is worth in terms of another, for example the $Amight be worth 58 US cents or 70 yen. Currencies traded freely onforeign-exchange markets have a spot rate (applying to tradessettled 'spot', ie, two working days hence) and a forward rate.Countries can determine their exchange rates in a variety of ways:a floating exchange rate system where the currency finds its ownlevel in the market; a crawling or flexible peg system which is acombination of an officially fixed rate and frequent smalladjustments which in theory work against a build-up of speculationabout a revaluation or devaluation; a fixed exchange-rate systemwhere the value of the currency is set by the government and/orthe central bank.
EURUSD	Meansthat you trade EUR against dollars. If you buy Euro you pay indollars and if you sell Euro you receive dollars.
FX,Forex, Foreign Exchange	Allnames for the transaction of one currency for another, e.g. youbuy �100.00 with $150.25 or sell $150.25 for �100.00.
Interbank	Short-term(often overnight) borrowing and lending between banks, as distinctfrom banks' business with their corporate clients or otherfinancial institutions.
Interestrate differential	Theyield spread between two otherwise comparable debt instrumentsdenominated in different currencies.
Leverage(gearing)	Inthis case leverage means that the investor only funds part of theamount traded.
Long	Tobuy.
Longposition	Aposition that increases its value if market prices increase.
Liquid(-ity)	Thecapacity to be converted easily and with minimum loss into cash.Ultra-short-dated treasury notes are an example of a liquidinvestment. A liquid market is one in which there is enoughactivity to satisfy both buyers and sellers.
Margin	Theinitial amount or deposit required when entering into a position.Margin is a guarantee for future performance.
NYSE	Acomputerised system providing brokers with the prices of sharesand securities traded on the New York stock exchange and over thecounter. The quotes are published in real-time.
Openposition	Aposition in a currency that has not yet been offset. For example,if you have bought 100,000 USDJPY, you have an open position inUSDJPY until you offset it by selling 100,000 USDJPY.
"Overthe counter"	Whentrading takes place directly between two parties, rather than onan exchange.
Pips	Apip is the smallest unit by which a cross price quote changes. Soif EURUSD bid is now quoted at 0.9767 and it moves up 2 pips, itwill now be quoted at 0.9769.
Position	Money-market,futures, foreign-exchange and sharemarket traders talk of 'takinga position' which simply means buying or selling one currencycross. 'Position' can also refer to a trader'scash/securities/currencies balance, whether he or she is short ofcash, has money to lend, is overbought or oversold in a currency,etc.
Risk	Tryingto control outcomes to a known or predictable range of gains orlosses. Risk management involves a set of steps which begin with asound understanding of one's business and the exposures or risksthat have to be covered to protect the value of that business.Then an assessment should be made of the types of variables thatcan affect the business and how best to protect against unwelcomeoutcomes. Consideration must also be given to the preferred riskprofile - whether one is risk- averse or fairly aggressive inapproach. This also involves deciding which instruments to use tomanage risk, and whether a natural hedge exists that can be used.Once undertaken, a risk-management strategy should be continuallyassessed for effectiveness and cost.
Secondarycurrency (variable currency or counter currency)	Thecurrency that the investor trades the base currency against (i.e.USD in EURUSD).
Shortposition	Aposition that benefits from a decline in market prices.
Short	Tosell.
Speculative	Buyingand selling in the hope of making a profit, rather than doing sofor some fundamental business-related need.
Spot	ASpot rate is the current market price of an asset.
Spotmarket	Thepart of the market calling for spot settlement of transactions.The precise meaning of 'spot' will depend on local custom for acommodity, security or currency. In the UK, US and Australianforeign-exchange markets, 'spot' means delivery two working dayshence.
Spread	Thedifference between the bid and the ask rate.

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