Expatriates Forums in Belarus

join our unique investment club

dutchjobs — Sun Nov 30, 2008 7:17 pm

Author: dutchjobs

Posted: Sun Nov 30, 2008 7:17 pm

Dear reader,

In these times of economic and financial crisis, there are alway great opportunities for making a very good return on investment capital.

Were are looking for serious members to expand our investment community within Eastern Europe and the rest of the world.

Want to know more?

Just send us an email if you would like to have more information or give us a call if you wish to make an appointment.
0032 497 545587

Kind regards,
Bodhi
independent Bridge member

"Eliminates your financial problems"

irpullwan — Wed Oct 10, 2007 2:37 pm

Author: irpullwan

Posted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 2:37 pm

“Eliminate your financial worries... Afford yourself the luxury of more time with your family, the freedom to be your own boss, make your own business decisions, create your own hours and best of all make all the money you’re capable of! But the best part of all; fire your boss and get out of the rat race! ...”

Dear friends,

I began building my future in mind. I thought of involving myself in an internet business. When I became frustrated and under appreciated at my job. I was fed up with the nonsense and political battles fought each day and knew there had to be a better way.

I could see that an internet home based business held huge potential, so I began researching and reading everything I could. In 2006 my research paid off, I quit my job and haven’t look back. Knowing that it would be short journey with hardship and that’s the price has to pay for my financial independence.

Before getting started, it’s important that you realize one thing. Anyone can make money with e-commerce but having a convince mindset and the belief in you, will help you make more than just money, you’ll have the ability to create a substantial income forever.

There’s a difference.

Those who realize the difference and aspire to become powerful C2C (customers to customers) business owners. There are no get rich quick schemes here and starting a C2C business for free simply won’t happen. Spending $25 might get you a sale or two but having invest a fewer hundred dollars to put into your business will get you there faster, help you avoid a lot of the frustrations and you’ll be on your way to create a lifelong income.

My goal is to offer only legitimate powerful business concept and share with you how to become successful.

If you really WANT to become successful, you're COMMITTED, PERSISTENT and willing to devote TIME, EFFORT and modest RESOURCES to get there, you WILL be successful.

DOING BUSINESS IN BELARUS / BELARUS BUSINESS GUIDE

Belarus Info — Tue May 08, 2007 2:45 am

Author: Belarus Info

Posted: Tue May 08, 2007 2:45 am

DOING BUSINESS IN BELARUS

STARTING A BUSINESS

STANDARDIZED COMPANY
Legal Form: Private Limited Company
Minimum Capital Requirement: 4,751,164
City: Minsk

Registration Requirements:

Procedure 1. Obtain an approval of the company name with the Ministry of Justice

Time to complete: 1 day

Cost to complete: BYR 29,000

Comment: Now the procedure of reserving future names for companies is executed by the Ministry of Justice. A company need not approve its address - it just must have a guarantee letter from the owner of the office. If a company rents an office in an administrative or social state-owned building (e.g. children institutions, schools, medical centres, museums, administrative buildings for executive organs of state-owned plants and factories, etc.), it must have an approval from the special commission. The Commission approves this every other week. The company must not have a guarantee letter from the owner of the office.

Procedure 2. Open a temporary bank account

Time to complete: 1 day

Cost to complete: no charge

Comment: Founders of Private Limited liability company have to make 50% of the Company's fund before the procedure of registration

Procedure 3. Notarise documents and pay a registry fee

Time to complete: 1 day

Cost to complete: BYR 900,000

Comment: The notary fees may rise depending on the amount of founders. In the case of 5 founders the payment would be about BYR 900,000. Notary fees may also rise depending on the quantity of pages of the Constituent agreement and the Charter of the Company, as well as on the change of the base rate

Procedure 4. Business registration with the State Registry

Time to complete: 30 days

Cost to complete: EUR 60

Comment: The registry also checks the background of founders and registers the company into the unified registration database.

The registration process has become slightly faster since the commission on company registration meets every week instead of every two weeks. However, if the register needs to make an inquiry for additional information about the founders of the Company, it can extend the term until 2 months, in such case it should notify the founders. The Investment Code establishes the brief term of 15-20 days for registration of companies with foreign investments.

Procedure 5. Obtain the approval of the company seal draft from the Registry

Time to complete: 3 days

Cost to complete: no charge

Comment: The draft of the company seal is approved by the registry organ only after the company has been officially registered.

Procedure 6. Obtain the approval of the company seal draft from the local police department

Time to complete: 8 days

Cost to complete: no charge

Comment: Formally, no fee is established, but the police department in practice asks 1-2 base rates.

Procedure 7. Prepare a business seal

Time to complete: 1 day

Cost to complete: BYR 50,000

Procedure 8. Receive a Management Certificate for the CEO

Time to complete: 7 days

Cost to complete: BYR 29,000

Comment: The CEO (director) should be resident of Minsk or Minsk region (in case when place of company registration is Minsk) otherwise the company must pay local fee in sum of 500 base rates. Also the company must pay this fee for all employees which are not living in Minsk or Minsk region. The director of the company with foreign investments could also be a foreign citizen. In this case the company is not obligated to pay local fee. However, the company with domestic investments is barred to have a director, a foreign citizen, except for citizens of Russian Federation. In the latter case, the company must pay local fee in the amount equal to 2 500 (two thousand five hundred) US dollars.

Procedure 9. Notarise the received company documents

Time to complete: 1 day

Cost to complete: The notary fee is 30% of the base rate for each page of the document

Procedure 10. Register the company in the Tax Office

Time to complete: 6 days (for getting the account number of payer)

Cost to complete: no charge

Procedure 11. Apply for a Statistical Number

Time to complete: 1 day

Cost to complete: no charge

Procedure 12. Apply for duplicates of a Company's taxpayer ID

Time to complete: 4 days

Cost to complete: no charge

Comment: The Company must obtain one duplicate of its taxpayer ID for one bank account. If the company opens some bank accounts in different currencies (i.e. BR, USD, Euro, etc.) it should get additional duplicates.

Procedure 13. Apply for a certificate for opening a bank account from the Social Security Office; register the company with the Social Security Office

Time to complete: The procedure usually takes 1-3 days.

Cost to complete: no charge

Procedure 14. Notarise a card with signatures of a Company's Director and Chief Accountant and a sample of the Company seal

Time to complete: 1 day

Cost to complete: BYR 232,000

Procedure 15. Register the company in the Belgosstrakh (state insurance company)

Time to complete: 1 day

Cost to complete: no charge

Comment: According to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus № 18 of July 30, 2003 from 1 January 2004 every Company must register as a payer of Compulsory insurance upon accidents on manufacture and professional diseases.

Procedure 16. Open a regular bank account

Time to complete: 1 day

Cost to complete: depending on the bank, there is either no charge for opening a regular bank account, or it could be up to 10 base rates.

TAXATION

Corporate tax
Standard rate: 24% (30% for insurance companies)

Resident companies are taxed on their worldwide income; non-resident companies are taxed only on Belarusian-source income. Companies registered under the law of Belarus are resident for tax purposes. Business profits, including capital gains, are subject to the corporate profits tax, charged at a rate of 24%. There is also a corporate income tax that applies to dividend distributions, banks and insurance companies, and transactions in securities. The rate is 30% for insurance companies and 40% for transactions in securities. As from January 1st 2006, banks are subject to the general corporate profits tax at the 24% rate, rather than the corporate income tax.

Individual tax
Progressive rates rising to 30%

Residents are taxed on their worldwide income; non-residents are taxed only on Belarusian-source income. An individual is resident if permanently residing in Belarus or if present in the country for more than 183 days in a year. Aggregate income, including business income, is subject to income tax at progressive rates from 9% to 30%. Dividends are taxed by a 15% final withholding tax.

Capital gains
Generally taxed as income

Capital gains are taxed as income, except where a company has foreign-source capital gains on securities, which are subject to corporate income tax at 40%.

Indirect tax
Standard rate: 18% ; Other rates: 10%

Value-added tax (VAT) applies to most transactions at the standard rate of 18%. A lower rate of 10% applies to supplies of certain foodstuffs and agricultural products; and services of repairs, hairdressing and laundries. Exemptions from VAT include banking and financial services, insurance, educational services and legal services supplied to individuals. Registration is compulsory for businesses.

Tax administration and compliance
Tax year: Calendar year

Companies must make monthly advance payments of the corporate profits tax and, if applicable, the corporate income tax, based on the submission of monthly returns. The tax year for individuals is the calendar year. Tax is deducted at source from employment income. Individuals receiving income other than employment income must submit a tax return by March 1st following the year-end.

Additional tax information

Withholding taxes: Dividends 15%, Interest 10%, Royalties 15%. These rates may be reduced by provisions of an applicable tax treaty.

Tax treaties: Belarus has concluded treaties with more than 40 countries and continues to apply some treaties of the former Soviet Union.

Dividends: Dividends are subject to corporate income tax at a rate of 30%. Dividend distributions are taxed by a final withholding tax of 15%.

Revenue protection: There is no transfer-pricing, thin-capitalisation or CFC legislation. However, an offshore duty of 15% is levied on transactions with companies registered in a tax haven and on deposits in a bank located in a tax haven.

Groups: There is no provision for group taxation.

Incentives: High-tech companies; free economic zones.

Other taxes: Corporate property tax, Customs and excise duties, Environmental tax, Land tax, Natural resources tax, Real estate tax, Contributions to the housing, employment and R&D fund and agricultural producers.

Financial Advisors services, Offshore Fund - Know More

admin — Mon Feb 05, 2007 4:42 am

Author: admin

Posted: Mon Feb 05, 2007 4:42 am

Financial Advisors services, Offshore Fund - Know More

Dear members & guests

Due to the continuous marketing approach of our expatriate community by multiple financial planners services company, Allo' Expat has decided to provided you with some usefull imformation on the Expat Offshore Banking issue. Hope you'll invest wisely..... in the future

Financial Advisors - who are they?

Q1 - How do I get the best offshore financial advice?

The best offshore financial advice is probably given by Independent Financial Advisors. Independent financial advisors (or IFA's, as they are sometimes called) advise their clients on savings, investments and pensions. They may also provide Savings Plans for offshore investing to their clients.

When counselling a client, the best offshore financial advisors should complete the following steps:

* Step 1 - collect detailed information about a client's financial circumstances and requirements ? be they for retirement planning, retirement income, expat investment, or another purpose.

* Step 2 - check all the offshore tax havens for the best offshore plans.

* Step 3 - provide impartial advice as to which plan(s) best meet their client's needs (in the form of a written report).

* Step 4 - arrange for a client to buy the chosen offshore plan(s) on the best terms available.

You may want to complete your own research to ensure you know the right questions to ask your advisor.

When all these stages are completed, you can be confident you have received the best offshore financial advice.

Q2 - What is a Certified Financial Advisor?

Financial advisors may need a license to practice, issued by the Financial Services Regulator in their Country. Only these advisors may be called 'Certified Financial Advisors'.

It may be a condition that prospective certified financial advisors show their Regulator that they are:

* competent to advise

* impartial in their advice

* independent of Providers

* covered by professional indemnity insurance.

So it is important to check that your financial advisor is listed under:

* Certified Financial Advisors, licensed to advise in the Country where you live and

* Independent Financial Advisors - advising on a wide range of offshore plans from a full list of providers.

Now you should feel confident you are receiving the best offshore financial advice.

Q3 - How are offshore financial advisors paid?

Independent financial advisors (IFA's) earn their living from commissions they receive from plan providers. This is their income for the offshore financial advice they give.

The commission that advisors (IFAs) receive from offshore financial advice cases may range from hundreds to thousands of dollars.

Good offshore financial advisors should not be influenced by the amount of commission they receive.

Some clients prefer to pay fees to their financial advisors for advice to ensure impartiality. When this occurs offshore financial advisors refund commission received from a plan provider either in cash or as an increased allocation of contributions invested.

Q4 -How do I find a list of Independent Financial Advisors (IFAs)?

Search the web! Try searching using the search words independent financial advisors or certified financial advisors PLUS the name of the Country in which you live.

Personal recommendations are always helpful - ask your friends if they would recommend their offshore financial advisors. Always check that a recommended advisor is both certified and independent.

Offshore Investing - What do that mean

Q1 - What is Offshore Investing or Offshore Investment?

When we talk about Offshore investing plan opportunities it is like the savings plans available in many countries, except these plans:

* Are registered in tax havens and are regulated by their Financial Services Authorities.

* Can be used for investing by non-residents of the tax havens.

* Are sometimes more tax efficient than or have other advantages over domestic savings plans.

Q2 - Why would expatriates choose offshore investing?

Expatriate investment in the savings plans catalogued here and offering offshore investing opprotunities might be appropriate when:

* No local or Home Country tax free regular savings plans are available.

* No local or Home Country tax free lump sum investment plans are available.

* An expatriate is planning to retire to a third country.

If you fit any of these categories of expatriates you should investigate the offshore plans researched by Offshore Boffin and consult your Financial Advisor.

Q3 - Are there other people who might benefit from Offshore Invesment?

Yes. People who are not living abroad might find offshore investment attractive in the following circumstances:

* They have more cash available for savings than can be invested tax free in their resident countries' investment plans (perhaps because the amount they can invest each year is capped).

* They may live in countries which do not have domestic tax free savings plans.

* They live in countries which are not suitable long-term investment environments for political or economic reasons.

* They wish to limit the effects of inheritance tac on their estates.

Q4 - Is there safe offshore investing?

The answer is that All investors should remember that the value of ALL their investments can go down as well as up!

Safe offshore investing is more likely by choosing plans:

* From politically stable tax havens - the quality of tax havens varies.

* From well-regulated tax havens - the tax havens whose savings plans are catalogued here all regulate their financial services companies to avoid 'fly-by-night' companies.

* From reputable investment management and life assurance companies - whilst past performance is not always a guide to the future, the companies whose savings plans are listed here are all well-known names.

* Investing in 'mutual' or 'collective' funds. these funds are based on a simple idea. If a large number of investors pool their savings in - for example - an equity fund, the larger fund can be invested in shares in many companies, spreading each individual's risk.

For expat investment - and others - to be successful the best offshore investment opportunities must be found. For that you'll need a good Financial Advisors.

FX Currency Trading / FX Forex Trading Online - Know More

admin — Mon Feb 05, 2007 4:40 am

Author: admin

Posted: Mon Feb 05, 2007 4:40 am

Forex Trading / FX Trading

Foreign Exchange
This short introduction explains the basics of trading Forex online, a brief explanation of the markets and the major benefits of trading Forex online. There are also two scenarios describing the implications of trading in a bear as well as bull market to better acquaint you with some of the risks and opportunities in the largest and most liquid market in the world.

As an additional aid for those who are new to Forex, there is also a glossary at the bottom of this text which explains some of the terms used in connection with currency trading.

Overview
Foreign exchange , forex or just Forex are all terms used to describe the trading of the world's many currencies. The forex market is the largest market in the world, with trades amounting to more than $1.5 trillion every day. This is more than one hundred times the daily trading on the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) . Most forex trading is speculative , with only a few percent of market activity representing governments' and companies' fundamental currency conversion needs.

Unlike trading on the stock market, the forex market is not carried out by a central exchange, but on the "interbank" market , which is thought of as an OTC (over the counter ) market. Trading takes place directly between the two counterparts necessary to make a trade, whether over the telephone or on electronic networks all over the world. The main centres for trading are Sydney, Tokyo, London, Frankfurt and New York. This worldwide distribution of trading centres means that the forex market is a 24-hour market.

Trading Forex
A currency trade is the simultaneous buying of one currency and selling of another one. The currency combination used in the trade is called a cross (for example, the Euro/US Dollar, or the GB Pound/Japanese Yen.). The most commonly traded currencies are the so-called "majors" - EURUSD, USDJPY, USDCHF and GBPUSD.

The most important forex market is the spot market as it has the largest volume. The market is called the spot market because trades are settled "immediately" or on the spot. In practice this means within two banking days.

Trading on Margin
Trading on margin means that you can buy and sell assets that represent more value than the capital in your account. Forex trading is usually done with relatively little margin since currency exchange rate fluctuations tend to be less than one or two percent on any given day. To take an example, a margin of 2.0% means you can trade up to $500,000 even though you only have $10,000 in your account. In terms of leverage this corresponds to 50:1, because 50 times $10,000 is $500,000, or put another way, $10,000 is 2.0% of $500.000. Using this much leverage gives you the possibility to make profits very quickly, but there is also a greater risk of incurring large losses and even being completely wiped out. Therefore, it is inadvisable to maximise your leveraging as the risks can be very high. For more information on the trading conditions at Saxo Bank, go to the Account Summary on your Client Station and open the section entitled "Trading Conditions" found in the top right-hand corner of the Account Summary.

Why trade Forex?

24 hour trading
One of the major advantages of trading forex is the opportunity to trade 24 hours a day from Sunday evening (20:00 GMT) to Friday evening (22:00 GMT). This gives you a unique opportunity to react instantly to breaking news that is affecting the markets.
Superior liquidity
The forex market is so liquid that there are always buyers and sellers to trade with. The liquidity of this market, especially that of the major currencies, helps ensure price stability and low spreads . The liquidity comes mainly from large and smaller banks that provide liquidity to investors, companies, institutions and other currency market players.
No commissions
The fact that forex is often traded without commissions makes it very attractive as an investment opportunity for investors who want to deal on a frequent basis. Trading the "majors" is also cheaper than trading other crosss because of the high level of liquidity. For more information on the trading conditions at Saxo Bank, go to the Account Summary on your Client Station and open the section entitled "Trading Conditions" found in the top right-hand corner of the Account Summary.
50:1 Leverage
With a minimum account of USD 10,000, for example, you can trade up to USD 500,000. The USD 10,000 is posted on margin as a guarantee for the future performance of your position.
Profit potential in falling markets
Since the market is constantly moving, there are always trading opportunities, whether a currency is strengthening or weakening in relation to another currency. When you trade currencies, they literally work against each other. If the EURUSD declines, for example, it is because the U.S. dollar gets stronger against the Euro and vice versa. So, if you think the EURUSD will decline (that is, that the Euro will weaken versus the dollar), you would sell EUR now and then later you buy Euro back at a lower price and take your profits. The opposite trading scenario would occur if the EURUSD appreciates .

Important Forex Trading Terms

Spread
The spread is the difference between the price that you can sell currency at ( Bid ) and the price you can buy currency at ( Ask ). The spread on majors is usually 5 pips under normal market conditions. For more information on the trading conditions at Saxo Bank, go to the Account Summary on your Client Station and open the section entitled "Trading Conditions" found in the top right-hand corner of the Account Summary.
Pips
A pip is the smallest unit by which a cross price quote changes. When trading forex you will often hear that there is a 5-pip spread when you trade the majors. This spread is revealed when you compare the bid and the ask price, for example EURUSD is quoted at a bid price of 0.9875 and an ask price of 0.9880. The difference is USD 0.0005, which is equal to 5 "pips". On a contract or position, the value of a pip can easily be calculated. You know that the EURUSD is quoted with four decimals, so all you have to do is the cancel-out the four zeros on the amount you trade and you will have one pip. Thus, on a EURUSD 100,000 contract, one pip is USD 10. On a USDJPY 100,000 contract, one pip is equal to 1000 yen, because USDJPY is quoted with only two decimals.

Trading Scenario - Trading Rising Prices
If you believe that the Euro will strengthen against the dollar you'll want to buy Euro now and sell it back later at a higher price.

You buy Euro	We quote EURUSD at Bid 0.9875 and Ask 0.9880, which means that you can sell 1 Euro for 0.9875 USD or buy 1 Euro for 0.9880 USD. In this example you buy Euro 100,000, at the quote price of 0.9880 (ask price) per Euro.
The market turns	Later the market turns in favour of the Euro and the EURUSD is now quoted at Bid 0.9894 and Ask 0.9899.
Now you want to sell your Euro and get the profit	You sell Euro at a Bid price of 0.9894.
The profit is calculated as follows:	Sell price-buy price x size of trade (0.9894 minus 0.9880) multiplied by 100.000 = $140 Profit (Note that the profit or loss is always expressed in the secondary currency )

Trading Scenario - Trading Falling Prices
If, on the other hand, you believe that the Euro will weaken against the dollar, you'll want to sell EURUSD.

You sell Euro	We quote EURUSD at a Bid price of 0.9875 and Ask price of 0.9880 and you decide to sellEuro 100,000 at a Bid price of 0.9875.
The market moves in your favour	The Euro weakens against the dollar and the EURUSD is now quoted at bid 0.9744 and ask 0.9749.
Now you buy back your Euro	You buy EUR at an ask price of 0.9749.
Your Profit/loss is then	Sell price-buy price x size of trade (0.9875 minus 0.9749) multiplied by 100.000 = $ 1260 Profit

Remember that trading EUR 100,000 as we have done in our examples, does not mean that you have to put up Euro 100,000 yourself. It means that you have to deposit 2.0% of Euro 100,000, which is Euro 2,000 on margin as a guarantee for the future performance of your position.

Further Reading
To see how you can trade the forex market and benefit from our toolbox of information and live quotes, please proceed to our Forex Quick Start found under the Trading menu on the toolbar, under Forex.

Glossary

Appreciation	Anincrease in the value of a currency.
Ask	Theprice at which you can buy. Traders also speak of an ask price,the price requested. This usually indicates the lowest price aseller will accept.
Basecurrency	Thecurrency that the investor buys or sells (i.e. EUR in EURUSD).
Bear	Someonewho believes prices are heading down. A bear market is one inwhich there is a sustained fall in prices and which does not looklike it will recover quickly.
Bid	Theprice at which you can sell. Traders also speak of a bid price,the price offered. This usually indicates the top price apurchaser will pay.
Bid/Ask	TheBid rate is the rate at which you sell. The Ask (or offer) rate isthe rate at which you can buy.
Bull	Someonewho is optimistic about the market. A bull market is characterisedby enthusiastic and sustained buying.
cross	Whentrading currencies, the investor buys one currency againstanother. These two currencies form the cross: for example, EURUSD.
Crossrate	Anexchange rate that is calculated from two other exchange rates.
Depreciation/decline	Afall in the value of a currency.
Exchangerate	Whatone currency is worth in terms of another, for example the $Amight be worth 58 US cents or 70 yen. Currencies traded freely onforeign-exchange markets have a spot rate (applying to tradessettled 'spot', ie, two working days hence) and a forward rate.Countries can determine their exchange rates in a variety of ways:a floating exchange rate system where the currency finds its ownlevel in the market; a crawling or flexible peg system which is acombination of an officially fixed rate and frequent smalladjustments which in theory work against a build-up of speculationabout a revaluation or devaluation; a fixed exchange-rate systemwhere the value of the currency is set by the government and/orthe central bank.
EURUSD	Meansthat you trade EUR against dollars. If you buy Euro you pay indollars and if you sell Euro you receive dollars.
FX,Forex, Foreign Exchange	Allnames for the transaction of one currency for another, e.g. youbuy �100.00 with $150.25 or sell $150.25 for �100.00.
Interbank	Short-term(often overnight) borrowing and lending between banks, as distinctfrom banks' business with their corporate clients or otherfinancial institutions.
Interestrate differential	Theyield spread between two otherwise comparable debt instrumentsdenominated in different currencies.
Leverage(gearing)	Inthis case leverage means that the investor only funds part of theamount traded.
Long	Tobuy.
Longposition	Aposition that increases its value if market prices increase.
Liquid(-ity)	Thecapacity to be converted easily and with minimum loss into cash.Ultra-short-dated treasury notes are an example of a liquidinvestment. A liquid market is one in which there is enoughactivity to satisfy both buyers and sellers.
Margin	Theinitial amount or deposit required when entering into a position.Margin is a guarantee for future performance.
NYSE	Acomputerised system providing brokers with the prices of sharesand securities traded on the New York stock exchange and over thecounter. The quotes are published in real-time.
Openposition	Aposition in a currency that has not yet been offset. For example,if you have bought 100,000 USDJPY, you have an open position inUSDJPY until you offset it by selling 100,000 USDJPY.
"Overthe counter"	Whentrading takes place directly between two parties, rather than onan exchange.
Pips	Apip is the smallest unit by which a cross price quote changes. Soif EURUSD bid is now quoted at 0.9767 and it moves up 2 pips, itwill now be quoted at 0.9769.
Position	Money-market,futures, foreign-exchange and sharemarket traders talk of 'takinga position' which simply means buying or selling one currencycross. 'Position' can also refer to a trader'scash/securities/currencies balance, whether he or she is short ofcash, has money to lend, is overbought or oversold in a currency,etc.
Risk	Tryingto control outcomes to a known or predictable range of gains orlosses. Risk management involves a set of steps which begin with asound understanding of one's business and the exposures or risksthat have to be covered to protect the value of that business.Then an assessment should be made of the types of variables thatcan affect the business and how best to protect against unwelcomeoutcomes. Consideration must also be given to the preferred riskprofile - whether one is risk- averse or fairly aggressive inapproach. This also involves deciding which instruments to use tomanage risk, and whether a natural hedge exists that can be used.Once undertaken, a risk-management strategy should be continuallyassessed for effectiveness and cost.
Secondarycurrency (variable currency or counter currency)	Thecurrency that the investor trades the base currency against (i.e.USD in EURUSD).
Shortposition	Aposition that benefits from a decline in market prices.
Short	Tosell.
Speculative	Buyingand selling in the hope of making a profit, rather than doing sofor some fundamental business-related need.
Spot	ASpot rate is the current market price of an asset.
Spotmarket	Thepart of the market calling for spot settlement of transactions.The precise meaning of 'spot' will depend on local custom for acommodity, security or currency. In the UK, US and Australianforeign-exchange markets, 'spot' means delivery two working dayshence.
Spread	Thedifference between the bid and the ask rate.

Today'sForex News
ForbesBreaking News	BloombergNews
YahooCurrency News	NikkeiNews
GoogleBusiness News	KyodoNews
ReutersFinancial News

Live Updates
Live Forex Quotes and Charts

Forex Market Information

Federal Reserve Banks' "All About the Foreign Exchange Markets in the United States"

Forex Related Sites

Economic Calendars

Central Banks & Regulatory Agencies

News